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哪位大哥能帮忙翻译下哈!急用!!!(不要在线翻译的)关于不锈钢的

不锈钢不容易生锈与不锈钢的成分有很大的关系。不锈钢的成分中除了铁外，还有铬、镍、铝、硅等。一般的不锈钢含铬量一般不低于12％，高的甚至达到18％.(我们所使用的316钢管中铬的含量应该在16％-18％)钢中加入铬等元素后，就能改变钢的性能，如例钢的分子结构更均匀，在钢的表面更易生成一层致密的氧化物保护膜等，从而大大提高不锈钢耐腐蚀的能力。所以不锈钢能抵抗火、水、酸、碱和各种溶液对它的腐蚀，不生锈。科学家发现，钢的内部结构越均匀，各种组成成分就联系得越紧密，腐蚀物入侵就越困难，再加上表面又附着一层氧化物保护膜，就像给钢铁穿上盔甲一样，自然就不容易生锈了。不锈钢为什么也生锈? 当不锈钢管表面出现褐色锈斑（点）的时候，人们大感惊奇：认为 “不锈钢是不生锈的，生锈就不是不锈钢了，可能是钢质出现了问题”。其实，这是对不锈钢缺乏了解的一种片面的错误看法。不锈钢在一定的条件下也会生锈的。不锈钢具有抵抗大气氧化的能力---即不锈性，同时也具有在含酸、碱、盐的介质中乃腐蚀的能力---即耐蚀性。但其抗腐蚀能力的大小是随其钢质本身化学组成、加互状态、使用条件及环境介质类型而改变的。如304钢管，在干燥清洁的大气中，有绝对优良的抗锈蚀能力，但将它移到海滨地区，在含有大量盐份的海雾中，很快就会生锈了；而316钢管则表现良好。因此，不是任何一种不锈钢，在任何环境下都能耐腐蚀, 不生锈的。不锈钢是靠其表面形成的一层极薄而坚固细密的稳定的富铬氧化膜（防护膜），防止氧原子的继续渗入、继续氧化，而获得抗锈蚀的能力。一旦有某种原因，这种薄膜遭到了不断地破坏，空气或液体中氧原子就会不断渗入或金属中铁原子不断地析离出来，形成疏松的氧化铁，金属表面也就受到不断地锈蚀。这种表面膜受到破坏的形式很多，日常生活中多见的有如下几种： 1.不锈钢表面存积着含有其他金属元素的粉尘或异类金属颗粒的附着物，在潮湿的空气中，附着物与不锈钢间的冷凝水，将二者连成一个微电池,引发了电化学反应，保护膜受到破坏，称之谓电化学腐蚀。 2.不锈钢表面粘附有机物汁液（如瓜菜、面汤、痰等），在有水氧情况下，构成有机酸，长时间则有机酸对金属表面的腐蚀。 3.不锈钢表面粘附含有酸、碱、盐类物质（如装修墙壁的碱水、石灰水喷溅），引起局部腐蚀。 4.在有污染的空气中（如含有大量硫化物、氧化碳、氧化氮的大气），遇冷凝水，形成硫酸、硝酸、醋酸液点，引起化学腐蚀。: 问提问者：网友 | 2017-02-25

最佳回答

The stainless steel is not easy to rust has the very big relations with the stainless steel ingredient. In stainless steel ingredient besides iron, but also has the chromium, the nickel, the aluminum, the silicon and so on. The common stainless steel chromic quantity is not lower than 12% generally, high even achieves 18%. (we use in 316 steel pipes chromium content should after 16%-18%) the steel joins elements and so on chromium, can change the steel the performance, like the example steels molecular structure is evener, produces compact oxide compound protective film in the steel superficial change and so on, thus sharpens the stainless steel anti-corrosive ability greatly. Therefore the stainless steel can arrive at the fire resistance, the water, the acid, the alkali and each kind of solution to its corrosion, is not rusty. The scientist discovered that the steel internal structure is evener, each kind of component relates closely, the corrosive substance invasion is more difficult, in addition the surface adheres to stick cohere oxide compound protective film, looks like to the steel and iron puts on the helmet and armor to be the same, was not naturally easy to rust. Why does the stainless steel also rust? When the stainless steel tube-surface presents the brown rusty stain (spot) time, the people big feeling is surprised: Thought that “the stainless steel does not rust, rusted is not the stainless steel, possibly was the steel had the problem”. Actually, this is lacks the understanding to the stainless steel one one-sided wrong view. The stainless steel will also rust under certain condition. The stainless steel has the resistance air oxidation ability---Namely the rustless property, simultaneously also has in contains the acid, the alkali, in the salty medium is corrosion ability---Namely corrosion resistance. But its corrosion resistance abilitys size is along with its steel itself chemical composition, the Canadian mutually condition, the exploitation conditions and the ambient medium type changes. If 304 steel pipes, in the dry clean atmosphere, have absolutely the fine anti-corrosion ability, but transfers to it the seashore area, in includes in the massive salty share sea fog, very quick will rust; But 316 steel pipe good behavior. Therefore, is not any kind of stainless steel, the ability corrodes under any environment, does not rust. The stainless steel is one which forms depending on its surface is extremely thin and the firm close stable rich chromium oxide film (protective layer), prevents the oxygen atom to continue permeating, to continue to oxidize, but obtains the anti-corrosion ability. Once has some kind of reason, this kind of thin film encountered destroyed unceasingly, in the air either the liquid the oxygen atom unceasingly will permeate or in the metal the hard atom separation comes out, to form the loose ferric oxide unceasingly, the metal surface also receives rusts away unceasingly. This kind of surface film receives the destruction the form to be many, in the daily life sees has the following several kinds: 1. the stainless steel surface stores is including other of metallic element dust or the different races metal pellet attachment, in the moist air, condensed water between the attachment and the stainless steel, the two Lian Cheng a microcell, initiated the electrochemistry response, the protective film has received the destruction, said that it said the electrochemistry corrosion. 2.the stainless steel surface adherency organic matter juice (for example melons vegetables, hot water, phlegm and so on), in have in the water oxygen situation, constitution organic acid, long time organic acid to metal surface corrosion. 3. the stainless steel surface adherency includes the acid, the alkali, the salts material (for example repair wall lye, limewater splattering), causes the localized corrosion 4.In has in the pollution air (for example to include massive sulfide, oxidized carbon, nitrogen oxide atmosphere), meets the condensed water, forms the sulfuric acid, the nitric acid, the acetic acid fluid spot, causes the chemical etching.: 回答者：网友

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